SSL, or Secure Sockets Layer, is a protocol used to establish secure and encrypted communication between a web browser and a server, or between any two systems over the internet. It ensures data confidentiality, integrity, and authentication.
Key Features of SSL:
Encryption: Data transmitted between the server and client is encrypted, making it difficult for attackers to intercept and read the information.
Authentication: Ensures that the server (and sometimes the client) is who they claim to be through digital certificates.
Data Integrity: Prevents unauthorized alteration of data during transmission.
How SSL Works:
-The client (e.g., a web browser) sends a request to the server to establish a secure session.
-The server responds by providing its SSL certificate, which includes its public key.
-The client verifies the certificate with a trusted Certificate Authority (CA)
-If verified, the client and server generate a shared session key for encrypting the communication.
Secure Communication:
Once the session key is established, all subsequent data is encrypted.
Types of SSL Certificates:
-Domain Validation (DV): Confirms the ownership of the domain.
-Organization Validation (OV): Verifies the organization and domain ownership.
-Extended Validation (EV): Offers the highest level of trust by verifying the legal identity of the organization.
Common Uses of SSL:
-Securing websites (shown as HTTPS instead of HTTP in the URL).
-Protecting sensitive data like credit card numbers, login credentials, and personal information.
-Establishing secure connections for email, file transfers, and remote access.

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